Pele Suite Publications

Non-technical Articles on Pele

  1. “Combustion-Pele: A New Exascale Capability for Improving Engine Design” – Exascale Computing Project, 2023
  2. “On the Ground in Colorado, NREL Is Simulating Sustainable Aviation Fuel Combustion During Flight” – NREL Media, 2023
  3. “Flying Green” – ASCR Discovery Magazine, 2024

Multimedia/Visualizations

  1. V0026: Direct fuel injection effects in a supersonic cavity flameholder, 2020 APS Gallery of Fluid Motion (Gallery of Fluid Motion Award Winner)
    https://gfm.aps.org/meetings/dfd-2020/5f5badc3199e4c091e67bc55
  2. V0076: Simulation of an RCCI Engine using the Pele Suite of Exascale Codes, 2022 APS Gallery of Fluid Motion (Milton van Dyke Award Winner)
    https://gfm.aps.org/meetings/dfd-2022/63236765199e4c2c0873f9f6
  3. V0074: Lighting a Match in a Fire Extinguisher: Oxycombustion in a Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Turbine, 2023 APS Gallery of Fluid Motion
    https://gfm.aps.org/meetings/dfd-2023/65048294199e4c7ace758fb5

Publications: Development of the Pele Codes

This list summarizes the publications that document the development of the Pele codes and introduction of significant new algorithms or features. When publishing research that relied on use of the Pele codes, it may be appropriate to cite one or multiple of these publications depending on the capabilities utilized.
  1. Pele Suite: Overall summary.
    M. T. Henry de Frahan, L. Esclapez, J. Rood, N. T. Wimer, P. Mullowney, B. A. Perry, L. Owen, H. Sitaraman, S. Yellapantula, M. Hassanaly, M. J. Rahimi, M. J. Martin, O. A. Doronina, S. N. A., M. Rieth, W. Ge, R. Sankaran, A. S. Almgren, W. Zhang, J. B. Bell, R. Grout, M. S. Day, and J. H. Chen. The Pele Simulation Suite for Reacting Flows at Exascale. In Proceedings of the 2024 SIAM Conference on Parallel Processing for Scientific Computing (PP), Proceedings, pages 13–25. Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, January 2024. doi:10.1137/1.9781611977967.2.
  2. PeleC: Initial Development.
    H. Sitaraman, S. Yellapantula, M. T. Henry De Frahan, B. Perry, J. Rood, R. Grout, and M. Day. Adaptive mesh based combustion simulations of direct fuel injection effects in a supersonic cavity flame-holder. Combustion and Flame, 232:111531, October 2021. doi:10.1016/j.combustflame.2021.111531.
  3. PeleC: Performance and GPU Capability.
    M. T. Henry de Frahan, J. S. Rood, M. S. Day, H. Sitaraman, S. Yellapantula, B. A. Perry, R. W. Grout, A. Almgren, W. Zhang, J. B. Bell, and J. H. Chen. PeleC: An adaptive mesh refinement solver for compressible reacting flows. The International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications, 37(2):115–131, March 2023. doi:10.1177/10943420221121151.
  4. PeleLMeX: Software Development.
    L. Esclapez, M. Day, J. Bell, A. Felden, C. Gilet, R. Grout, M. H. d. Frahan, E. Motheau, A. Nonaka, L. Owen, B. Perry, J. Rood, N. Wimer, and W. Zhang. PeleLMeX: an AMR Low Mach Number Reactive Flow Simulation Code without level sub-cycling. Journal of Open Source Software, 8(90):5450, October 2023. doi:10.21105/joss.05450.
  5. PelePhysics: CEPTR Utility and Chemical Jacobian Capability.
    M. Hassanaly, N. T. Wimer, A. Felden, L. Esclapez, J. Ream, M. T. Henry de Frahan, J. Rood, and M. Day. Symbolic construction of the chemical Jacobian of quasi-steady state (QSS) chemistries for Exascale computing platforms. Combustion and Flame, 270:113740, December 2024. doi:10.1016/j.combustflame.2024.113740.
  6. PelePhysics: Spray, Soot, and Radiation Modules.
    L. D. Owen, W. Ge, M. Rieth, M. Arienti, L. Esclapez, B. S. Soriano, M. E. Mueller, M. Day, R. Sankaran, and J. H. Chen. PeleMP: The Multiphysics Solver for the Combustion Pele Adaptive Mesh Refinement Code Suite. Journal of Fluids Engineering, 146(4):041103, April 2024. doi:10.1115/1.4064494.
  7. PelePhysics: Use of SUNDIALS Library for Chemistry Integration.
    C. J. Balos, M. Day, L. Esclapez, A. M. Felden, D. J. Gardner, M. Hassanaly, D. R. Reynolds, J. S. Rood, J. M. Sexton, N. T. Wimer, and C. S. Woodward. SUNDIALS time integrators for exascale applications with many independent systems of ordinary differential equations. The International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications, 39(1):123–146, January 2025. doi:10.1177/10943420241280060.
  8. PeleC, PeleLMeX: Use of State Redistribution (from AMReX library).
    A. Giuliani, A. S. Almgren, J. B. Bell, M. J. Berger, M. T. Henry de Frahan, and D. Rangarajan. A weighted state redistribution algorithm for embedded boundary grids. Journal of Computational Physics, 464:111305, September 2022. doi:10.1016/j.jcp.2022.111305.
  9. PeleC: Use of State Re-Redistribution (from AMReX library).
    I. Barrio Sanchez, A. S. Almgren, J. B. Bell, M. T. Henry de Frahan, and W. Zhang. A new re-redistribution scheme for weighted state redistribution with adaptive mesh refinement. Journal of Computational Physics, 504:112879, May 2024. doi:10.1016/j.jcp.2024.112879.
  10. PeleLMeX: Manifold-based Combustion Models.
    B. Perry, K. Eiden, M. H. d. Frahan, S. Yellapantula, L. Esclapez, M. Mueller, and M. Day. Simulation of a Jet Flame with Inhomogeneous Inlets Using Tabulated and Neural Network Manifold Models (Citation Only). U.S. National Combustion Meeting, 2023. URL: https://research-hub.nlr.gov/en/publications/simulation-of-a-jet-flame-with-inhomogeneous-inlets-using-tabulat/.
  11. Pele Suite: Exascale Performance.
    N. Malaya, B. Messer, J. Glenski, A. Georgiadou, J. Lietz, K. Gottiparthi, M. Day, J. Chen, J. Rood, L. Esclapez, J. White III, G. R. Jansen, N. Curtis, S. Nichols, J. Kurzak, N. Chalmers, C. Freitag, P. Bauman, A. Fanfarillo, R. D. Budiardja, T. Papatheodore, N. Frontiere, D. Mcdougall, M. Norman, S. Sreepathi, P. Roth, D. Bykov, N. Wolfe, P. Mullowney, M. Eisenbach, M. T. Henry De Frahan, and W. Joubert. Experiences readying applications for Exascale. In Proceedings of the International Conference for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis, SC '23, 1–13. New York, NY, USA, November 2023. Association for Computing Machinery. doi:10.1145/3581784.3607065.

Publications: Application of the Pele Codes

This list includes published works where the Pele codes were used to simulate reacting flows or other physical systems. It is meant to give users a sense of the breadth of potential applications of the codes, and potential contacts if interested in simulating something similar to an existing work. The list includes many publications that are not co-authored by the Pele development team; any questions on these publications should be addressed to the relevant authors. To provide corrections or additions to the list, please use this GitHub discussion.
  1. PeleLM: Bouyant plume scaling.
    N. T. Wimer, C. Lapointe, J. D. Christopher, S. P. Nigam, T. R. S. Hayden, A. Upadhye, M. Strobel, G. B. Rieker, and P. E. Hamlington. Scaling of the puffing Strouhal number for buoyant jets and plumes. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 895:A26, July 2020. doi:10.1017/jfm.2020.271.
  2. PelePhysics: Kinetic modeling of solar cell processing.
    M. Hassanaly, H. Sitaraman, K. L. Schulte, A. J. Ptak, J. Simon, K. Udwary, J. H. Leach, and H. Splawn. Surface chemistry models for GaAs epitaxial growth and hydride cracking using reacting flow simulations. Journal of Applied Physics, 130(11):115702, September 2021. doi:10.1063/5.0061222.
  3. PeleC: Supersonic Cavity-Stabilized Flame.
    H. Sitaraman, N. Brunhart-Lupo, M. Henry de Frahan, S. Yellapantula, B. Perry, J. Rood, R. Grout, M. Day, R. Binyahib, and K. Gruchalla. Visualizations of direct fuel injection effects in a supersonic cavity flameholder. Physical Review Fluids, 6(11):110504, November 2021. doi:10.1103/PhysRevFluids.6.110504.
  4. PeleLM: Bouyant plume scaling.
    N. T. Wimer, M. S. Day, C. Lapointe, M. A. Meehan, A. S. Makowiecki, J. F. Glusman, J. W. Daily, G. B. Rieker, and P. E. Hamlington. Numerical simulations of buoyancy-driven flows using adaptive mesh refinement: structure and dynamics of a large-scale helium plume. Theoretical and Computational Fluid Dynamics, 35(1):61–91, February 2021. doi:10.1007/s00162-020-00548-6.
  5. PeleLM: Bouyant plume puffing.
    M. A. Meehan, N. T. Wimer, and P. E. Hamlington. Richardson and Reynolds number effects on the near field of buoyant plumes: temporal variability and puffing. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 950:A24, November 2022. doi:10.1017/jfm.2022.788.
  6. PeleLM: Bouyant plume interactions.
    O. T. Patil, M. A. Meehan, and P. E. Hamlington. Puffing frequency of interacting buoyant plumes. Physical Review Fluids, 7(11):L111501, November 2022. doi:10.1103/PhysRevFluids.7.L111501.
  7. PeleLM: FDF-based simulations.
    A. Aitzhan, S. Sammak, P. Givi, and A. G. Nouri. PeleLM-FDF large eddy simulator of turbulent reacting flows. Combustion Theory and Modelling, 27(1):1–18, January 2023. _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/13647830.2022.2142673. doi:10.1080/13647830.2022.2142673.
  8. PeleLMeX: Synthetic Aviation Turbine Fuel evaporation.
    S. Nadakkal Appukuttan, B. Perry, S. Yellapantula, L. Esclapez, H. Sitaraman, and M. Day. Simulations of Fuel-Air Mixing in a 7 Element Lean Direct Injection (LDI) Aviation Combustor: Preprint. Technical Report NREL/CP-2C00-85119, National Laboratory of the Rockies, August 2023. URL: https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1995457.
  9. PeleC: Oblique detonation waves.
    S. Desai, Y. Tao, R. Sivaramakrishnan, and J. H. Chen. Effects of non-thermal termolecular reactions on wedge-induced oblique detonation waves. Combustion and Flame, 257:112681, November 2023. doi:10.1016/j.combustflame.2023.112681.
  10. PeleC: Oxycombustion in supercritical CO2.
    M. T. Henry De Frahan, M. J. Rahimi, O. Doronina, B. A. Perry, S. Yellapantula, I. Cormier, M. Day, and M. J. Martin. Simulation of Methane Oxycombustion in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide. In Volume 12: Supercritical CO2, V012T28A004. Boston, Massachusetts, USA, June 2023. American Society of Mechanical Engineers. doi:10.1115/GT2023-101568.
  11. PeleLM: Bouyant plume puffing.
    M. A. Meehan and P. E. Hamlington. Richardson and Reynolds number effects on the near field of buoyant plumes: flow statistics and fluxes. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 961:A7, April 2023. doi:10.1017/jfm.2023.208.
  12. PeleC: Engine knock.
    Y. Morii, A. Tsunoda, A. K. Dubey, and K. Maruta. Analysis of knock onset based on two-dimensional direct numerical simulation and theory of explosive transition of deflagration. Physics of Fluids, 35(8):083604, August 2023. doi:10.1063/5.0160236.
  13. PeleC: Deflagration to Detonation Transition.
    S. Ramachandran, N. Srinivasan, Z. Wang, A. Behkish, and S. Yang. A numerical investigation of deflagration propagation and transition to detonation in a microchannel with detailed chemistry: Effects of thermal boundary conditions and vitiation. Physics of Fluids, 35(7):076104, July 2023. doi:10.1063/5.0155645.
  14. PeleC: Supercritical cool flames.
    S. Ramachandran, N. Srinivasan, T. S. Taneja, H. Zhang, and S. Yang. Numerical study of turbulent non-premixed cool flames at high and supercritical pressures: Real gas effects and dual peak structure. Combustion and Flame, 249:112626, March 2023. doi:10.1016/j.combustflame.2023.112626.
  15. PeleLMeX: Instabilities in H2/CH4 flames.
    K. H. Van, A. Hu, J. Fang, T. Bera, A. Aradi, and F. Egolfopoulos. Quantitative studies of instabilities of confined spherically expanding flames: Application to flame propagation of natural gas blends with hydrogen at engine-relevant conditions. Western States Section of the Combustion Institute Technical Meeting, October 2023.
  16. PeleC: Bluff body flame vorticity dynamics.
    S. H.R. Whitman, T. J. Souders, M. A. Meehan, J. G. Brasseur, and P. E. Hamlington. Pressure gradient tailoring effects on vorticity dynamics in the near-wake of bluff-body premixed flames. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 39(2):2359–2368, 2023. doi:10.1016/j.proci.2022.09.064.
  17. PeleC, PeleLMeX: Reactivity-Controlled Compression Ignition Engines.
    N. T. Wimer, L. Esclapez, M. Henry de Frahan, M. Rahimi, M. Hassanaly, B. Perry, J. Rood, S. Yellapantula, H. Sitaraman, M. Martin, O. Doronina, S. N. Appukuttan, M. Rieth, and M. Day. Examination of a Methane/Diesel RCCI Engine Using Pele: Preprint. Technical Report NREL/CP-2C00-84700, National Laboratory of the Rockies, Sandia National Laboratories, May 2023. URL: https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1975823.
  18. PeleC, PeleLMeX: Reactivity-Controlled Compression Ignition Engines.
    N. T. Wimer, L. Esclapez, N. Brunhart-Lupo, M. H. De Frahan, M. Rahimi, M. Hassanaly, J. Rood, S. Yellapantula, H. Sitaraman, B. Perry, M. Martin, O. Doronina, S. N. Appukuttan, M. Rieth, and M. Day. Visualizations of a methane/diesel RCCI engine using PeleC and PeleLMeX. Physical Review Fluids, 8(11):110511, November 2023. doi:10.1103/PhysRevFluids.8.110511.
  19. PeleC: Deflagration-to-detonation transition.
    X. Cai, X. Wang, H. Liu, R. Hong, and H. He. Deflagration-to-detonation transition and detonation propagation in supersonic flows with hydrogen injection and downstream ignition. Physics of Fluids, 36(10):106119, October 2024. doi:10.1063/5.0228960.
  20. PeleLMeX: Microgravity Electric Field Flames.
    M. Donzeau, L. Esclapez, M. Day, and Y.-C. Chien. Recent Progress on Numerical Modeling for Microgravity Electric Field Flames: Preprint. Technical Report NREL/CP-2C00-85822, Ecole Nationale Superieure de Mécanique et d'Aerotechnique, National Laboratory of the Rockies, University of California Irvine, April 2024. URL: https://www.osti.gov/biblio/2339551.
  21. PeleLMeX: Ammonia/hydrogen flames.
    A. P. Hardaya, W. D. Kulatilaka, B. S. Soriano, and J. H. Chen. Heat release surrogates for NH3/H2/N2–air premixed flames. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 40(1-4):105432, 2024. doi:10.1016/j.proci.2024.105432.
  22. PeleLMeX: H2 Micromix combustor.
    T.L. Howarth, M.A. Picciani, E.S. Richardson, M.S. Day, and A.J. Aspden. Direct numerical simulation of a high-pressure hydrogen micromix combustor: Flame structure and stabilisation mechanism. Combustion and Flame, 265:113504, July 2024. doi:10.1016/j.combustflame.2024.113504.
  23. PeleLMeX: EGR Effects on Lean H2 Combustion.
    T.L. Howarth, M.S. Day, H. Pitsch, and A.J. Aspden. Thermal diffusion, exhaust gas recirculation and blending effects on lean premixed hydrogen flames. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 40(1-4):105429, 2024. doi:10.1016/j.proci.2024.105429.
  24. PeleC: Supersonic Combustion.
    K. Jin, X. Cai, R. Hong, L. Zhang, and J. Liang. Numerical investigation on flow choking induced by local heat release and large-scale flow separation in a supersonic combustor. Combustion and Flame, 268:113627, October 2024. doi:10.1016/j.combustflame.2024.113627.
  25. PeleC: Detonation propagation.
    D. Jun, D. Kwon, and B. J. Lee. Numerical study on the reinitiation mechanism of detonation propagating through double slits in a planar channel. Combustion and Flame, 261:113271, March 2024. doi:10.1016/j.combustflame.2023.113271.
  26. PeleLMeX: CH4 pool fires.
    M. A. Meehan, J. C. Hewson, and P. E. Hamlington. High resolution numerical simulations of methane pool fires using adaptive mesh refinement. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 40(1-4):105768, 2024. doi:10.1016/j.proci.2024.105768.
  27. PeleC: Oblique Detonation Waves.
    S. Ramachandran and S. Yang. Micro-jetting and Transverse Waves in Oblique Detonations. Combustion and Flame, 265:113506, July 2024. doi:10.1016/j.combustflame.2024.113506.
  28. PeleLMeX: Ammonia RQL combustion.
    M. Rieth, A. Gruber, E. R. Hawkes, and J. H. Chen. Direct numerical simulation of low-emission ammonia rich-quench-lean combustion. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 40(1-4):105558, 2024. doi:10.1016/j.proci.2024.105558.
  29. PeleLMeX: Synthetic aviation turbine fuel ignition.
    M. Rieth, J. Kim, E. Mayhew, J. Temme, C.-B. Kweon, P. Wiersema, T. Lee, and J. H. Chen. Numerical and experimental investigation of single and multi-injection ignition of F-24/ATJ blends. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 40(1-4):105341, 2024. doi:10.1016/j.proci.2024.105341.
  30. PeleC: H2/air detonations.
    J. S. Salinas, A. Baranwal, J. Chen, S. Desai, Y. Tao, and A. Poludnenko. Non-thermal termolecular reactions effects on hydrogen-air planar detonation. In AIAA SCITECH 2024 Forum, 2783. 2024.
  31. PeleLMeX: Rayleigh-Taylor Instability.
    J. K. Tavares and J. Jayachandran. Dynamics of slowly propagating flames: Role of the Rayleigh-Taylor instability. Combustion and Flame, 269:113656, November 2024. doi:10.1016/j.combustflame.2024.113656.
  32. PeleLMeX: Gas turbine flame stabilization.
    M. Vabre, Z. Li, S. Jella, P. Versailles, G. Bourque, M. Day, and B. Savard. DNS of ignition and flame stabilization in a simplified gas turbine premixer. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 40(1-4):105701, 2024. doi:10.1016/j.proci.2024.105701.
  33. PeleC: Rotating detonation engine inlet nozzles.
    S. Valencia, A. Mendiburu, L. Bravo, P. Khare, and C. Celis. Flow-field analysis and performance assessment of rotating detonation engines under different number of discrete inlet nozzles. Applications in Energy and Combustion Science, 20:100296, December 2024. doi:10.1016/j.jaecs.2024.100296.
  34. PeleC: Engine Knock.
    L. Yang, Y. Wang, P. Dai, and Z. Chen. Effect of temperature disturbance on end-gas autoignition and detonation development. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 40(1-4):105220, 2024. doi:10.1016/j.proci.2024.105220.
  35. PeleLMeX: Counterflow flames in elevated gravity.
    J. Zheng, H. Wang, K. Luo, and J. Fan. DNS of laboratory-scale turbulent premixed counterflow flames under elevated gravity conditions. Physics of Fluids, 36(10):105147, October 2024. doi:10.1063/5.0223680.
  36. PeleLMeX: Thermodiffusive instability in H2 flames.
    J. Bae, O. Chaib, L. Weller, A. Moitro, E.F. Hunt, A.J. Aspden, and S. Hochgreb. Simultaneous imaging of OH and temperature in lean premixed hydrogen/air flames: Which marker for thermodiffusive instability? Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 41:105919, 2025. doi:10.1016/j.proci.2025.105919.
  37. PeleLMeX: Ammonia Flame/Wall interactions.
    O. Chabot and B. Savard. Quenching and pollutant emissions in side-wall and head-on NH3/H2/N2 premixed laminar flames. Combustion and Flame, 282:114463, December 2025. doi:10.1016/j.combustflame.2025.114463.
  38. PeleC: Turbulent mixing of H2 jets.
    F. Duronio and A. Di Mascio. Turbulent mixing dynamics of under-expanded hydrogen jets in propulsion systems. Physics of Fluids, 37(8):086158, August 2025. doi:10.1063/5.0277887.
  39. PeleLMeX: Laminar H2 flames at elevated pressure.
    T. L. Howarth, T. Lehmann, M. Gauding, and H. Pitsch. Role of enthalpy transport in laminar premixed hydrogen flames at atmospheric and elevated pressures. April 2025. arXiv:2503.19865 [physics]. doi:10.48550/arXiv.2503.19865.
  40. PeleLMeX: Turbulent H2 Jet Flames.
    T.L. Howarth, S. Nerzak, P. Gruhlke, J.T. Lipkowicz, L. Panek, S. Pfadler, M. Gauding, and H. Pitsch. Structure and nitrogen oxide emissions of confined turbulent hydrogen jet flames. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 41:105851, 2025. doi:10.1016/j.proci.2025.105851.
  41. PeleC: Liquid ammonia combustion.
    Z. Huang, H. Wang, Q. Meng, K. Luo, and J. Fan. Combustion Characteristics of Liquid Ammonia Direct Injection Under High-Pressure Conditions Using DNS. Energies, 18(9):2228, January 2025. doi:10.3390/en18092228.
  42. PeleC: Deflagration-to-detonation transition.
    F. Illacanchi, A. Mendiburu, L. Bravo, P. Khare, and C. Celis. Distorted tulip flame: On the mechanisms controlling premixed flame acceleration in closed channels. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 169:109810, December 2025. doi:10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.109810.
  43. PeleC: High speed turbulent fluid structure interaction.
    E. S. Kimmel, D. Huang, V. Sharma, J. Singh, V. Raman, and P. P. Friedmann. Turbulence and Upstream Shock Wave-Boundary Layer Interaction Effects on Compliant Structures. AIAA Journal, 63(9):3641–3653, September 2025. doi:10.2514/1.J065095.
  44. PeleLMeX: Stability analysis for ammonia/hydrogen flames.
    T. Lehmann, L. Berger, T. L. Howarth, M. Gauding, S. Girhe, B. B. Dally, and H. Pitsch. Comprehensive linear stability analysis for intrinsic instabilities in premixed ammonia/hydrogen/air flames. Combustion and Flame, 273:113927, March 2025. doi:10.1016/j.combustflame.2024.113927.
  45. PeleLMeX: NOx in laminar H2/NH3 flames.
    T. Lehmann, N. Dimidziev, T. L. Howarth, M. Gauding, and H. Pitsch. Effects of Intrinsic Flame Instabilities on Nitrogen Oxide Formation in Laminar Premixed Ammonia/Hydrogen/Air Flames. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 41:105961, 2025. arXiv:2503.13370 [physics]. doi:10.1016/j.proci.2025.105961.
  46. PeleLMeX: NOx in H2 Micromix Combustors.
    Z. Li, P. Versailles, M. Vabre, E. R. Hawkes, and B. Savard. NO x production in a canonical Micromix hydrogen flame. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 41:105793, 2025. doi:10.1016/j.proci.2025.105793.
  47. PeleLMeX: Bouyant plumes.
    M. Meehan, P. Carlotti, and J. Hewson. Assessment of integral models for non-Boussinesq lazy plumes using numerical simulations. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 1025:A16, December 2025. doi:10.1017/jfm.2025.10920.
  48. PeleC: Spray jet in crossflow flames.
    Q. Meng, H. Wang, Z. Chang, M. Cheng, Z. Huang, K. Luo, and J. Fan. Direct numerical simulation studies of spray jet flames in hot vitiated crossflow. Fuel, 389:134543, June 2025. doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134543.
  49. PeleLMeX: Instability in H2/CH4 Flames.
    H. Nicolai, V. Schuh, A. Bähr, M. Schneider, F. Rong, D. Kaddar, M. Bode, and C. Hasse. Laminar and turbulent hydrogen-enriched methane flames: Interaction of thermodiffusive instabilities and local fuel demixing. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 41:105885, 2025. doi:10.1016/j.proci.2025.105885.
  50. PeleLMeX: Unstable H2/CO2 Flames.
    M. Pandey, K. Agrawal, and A. Ray. Numerical studies on intrinsically unstable H 2 /CO 2 flames: Effect of CO 2 dilution, equivalence ratio, temperature and pressure. Combustion and Flame, 279:114307, September 2025. doi:10.1016/j.combustflame.2025.114307.
  51. PeleC: H2 and CH4 Tulip Flames.
    C. Qian and M. A. Liberman. Influence of Chemical Kinetics on Tulip Flame Formation in Highly Reactive (H2/Air) and Low Reactive (CH4/Air) Mixtures. Energies, 18(4):885, January 2025. doi:10.3390/en18040885.
  52. PeleC: Turbulence modeling for sCO2 jets.
    J. Ream, M. T. H. d. Frahan, S. Yellapantula, M. J. Martin, M. Sussman, and R. Grout. Comparison of turbulence statistics in isothermal and non-isothermal large eddy simulations of supercritical carbon dioxide jets. September 2025. arXiv:2509.18528 [physics]. doi:10.48550/arXiv.2509.18528.
  53. PeleC: Deflagration-to-detonation transition.
    C. Ren, X. Cai, R. Deiterding, and X. Wang. Mechanism of Mach stem-induced initiation in non-uniform supersonic inflow with transverse injection. Physics of Fluids, 37(10):101704, October 2025. doi:10.1063/5.0290990.
  54. PeleC: PaSR modeling for RDEs.
    S. Ruiz, S. Valencia, F. Illacanchi, A. Mendiburu, L. Bravo, P. Khare, and C. Celis. Numerical Assessment of a Partially Stirred Reactor-Based Combustion Model Using a High-Fidelity CFD Tool. In International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers Digital Collection, January 2025. doi:10.1115/IMECE2024-145408.
  55. PeleLMeX: High-Ka H2 flames.
    G.S. Russell, T.L. Howarth, A.W. Skiba, C.D. Carter, and A.J. Aspden. Turbulence-flame interactions in high-Karlovitz-number lean premixed hydrogen piloted jet flames. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 41:105868, 2025. doi:10.1016/j.proci.2025.105868.
  56. PeleLMeX: SATF effects on Soot.
    B. S. Soriano and J. Chen. High Fidelity Simulation of the Soot Formation in a Lab-Scale Combustor Using Sustainable Aviation Fuel. In AIAA SCITECH 2025 Forum, AIAA SciTech Forum. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, January 2025. doi:10.2514/6.2025-2090.
  57. PeleC, PeleLM: Ignition in dual fuel engines.
    J. S. Salinas, H. Kolla, M. Rieth, K. S. Jung, J. Chen, J. Bennett, M. Arienti, L. Esclapez, M. Day, N. Marsaglia, C. Harrison, T. L. Turton, and J. Ahrens. In situ multi-tier auto-ignition detection applied to dual-fuel combustion simulations. Combustion and Flame, 279:114273, September 2025. doi:10.1016/j.combustflame.2025.114273.
  58. PeleLMeX: Thickened flame models for H2.
    V. Schuh, D. Kaddar, A. Bähr, M. Bode, C. Hasse, and H. Nicolai. An Extended Artificially Thickened Flame Model for Turbulent Hydrogen and Hydrogen-Enriched Flames With Intrinsic Instabilities Under Gas Turbine Relevant Conditions. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, October 2025. doi:10.1115/1.4069549.
  59. PeleLMeX: Synthetic aviation turbine fuels flame stabilization.
    B. S. Soriano, L. D. Owen, and J. H. Chen. Edge flame speed analysis of a swirl-stabilized spray flame using sustainable aviation fuels: A direct numerical simulation study. Combustion and Flame, 277:114213, July 2025. doi:10.1016/j.combustflame.2025.114213.
  60. PeleC: Channel Detonations.
    S. Ramachandran, R. Dushe, and S. Yang. Comparing Shock-Attached and Lab Frames of Reference for Numerical Simulations of Two-Dimensional Channel Detonations. In AIAA SCITECH 2025 Forum, AIAA SciTech Forum. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, January 2025. doi:10.2514/6.2025-1386.
  61. PeleC: Micro-jetting in Detonations.
    S. Ramachandran, R. Dushe, R. Hytovick, L. Berson, K. A. Ahmed, and S. Yang. Micro-Jetting Dynamics in Channel Detonations of High-Activation Energy Mixtures. In AIAA SCITECH 2025 Forum, AIAA SciTech Forum. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, January 2025. doi:10.2514/6.2025-1585.
  62. PeleC: Micro-jetting in Detonations.
    S. Ramachandran and S. Yang. Three-Dimensional Micro-Jetting Dynamics in a Stoichiometric H2/Air Detonation. In AIAA SCITECH 2025 Forum, AIAA SciTech Forum. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, January 2025. doi:10.2514/6.2025-1966.
  63. PelePhysics: Physical properties for Eulerian stochastic fields.
    T.-H. Un and S. Navarro-Martinez. On the performance of the joint velocity-scalar PDF method near walls. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 41:105838, 2025. doi:10.1016/j.proci.2025.105838.
  64. PelePhysics: Reaction source terms for Eulerian stochastic fields.
    T.-H. Un and S. Navarro-Martinez. Stochastic fields with adaptive mesh refinement for high-speed turbulent combustion. Combustion and Flame, 272:113897, February 2025. doi:10.1016/j.combustflame.2024.113897.
  65. PeleC: Deflagration-to-detonation transition.
    S. Valencia, F. Illacanchi, L. d. Azevedo, A. Z. Mendiburu, L. Bravo, P. Khare, and C. Celis. Influence of Obstacle Separation Distance on the Acceleration of Premixed Methane/Air Flames in a Closed Channel. Flow, Turbulence and Combustion, 115(4):1729–1753, November 2025. doi:10.1007/s10494-025-00691-2.
  66. PeleLMeX: Lean H2 flames in a Hele-Shaw cell.
    L. Yang, Y. Wang, T. Zhang, X. Gou, W. Kong, and Z. Chen. Propagation of ultra-lean hydrogen/air flames in a Hele-Shaw cell. Combustion and Flame, 281:114444, November 2025. doi:10.1016/j.combustflame.2025.114444.
  67. PeleLMeX: Ammonia addition effects on soot.
    H. Du, J. Zhang, S. Hu, and L. Zhou. Investigation of ammonia addition on soot radiation effects in n-heptane laminar diffusion flames at elevated pressure. Fuel, 405:136643, February 2026. doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2025.136643.
  68. PeleC, PeleLMeX: Nanosecond plasma discharges.
    A. Duarte Gomez, N. Deak, L. Esclapez, M. Day, and F. Bisetti. Mathematical models and numerical methods for high-fidelity simulation of ignition of reactive mixtures by nanosecond plasma discharges in realistic configurations. Combustion Theory and Modelling, 30(2):147–193, February 2026. _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/13647830.2026.2621925. doi:10.1080/13647830.2026.2621925.
  69. PeleC: Turbulent mixing of H2 jets.
    F. Duronio, A. Di Mascio, and A. Montanaro. Combined experimental and numerical investigation of the turbulent mixing of hydrogen jets issued from a hollow cone injector. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 223:154172, April 2026. doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.154172.
  70. PeleC: Detonation microjets in channels.
    R. Dushe, S. Ramachandran, and S. Yang. Morphology of Micro-Jets in Fully Three-Dimensional vs. Narrow-Channel Detonations. In AIAA SCITECH 2026 Forum. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, January 2026. doi:10.2514/6.2026-1423.
  71. PeleC: Oblique detonations.
    R. Dushe, S. Ramachandran, and S. Yang. Transverse Waves and Ignition Dynamics in Oblique Detonations of Different Shock-Detonation Transition Types. In AIAA SCITECH 2026 Forum. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, January 2026. doi:10.2514/6.2026-0600.
  72. PeleC: Hydrogen/air oblique detonations.
    C. Euteneuer, S. Ramachandran, and S. Yang. Three-Dimensional Structures of H 2 /Air Oblique Detonation Waves. In AIAA SCITECH 2026 Forum. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, January 2026. doi:10.2514/6.2026-0598.
  73. PeleC: Detonation Propagation.
    J. W. Gardner, J. Squeo, B. A. Rankin, and A. G. Novoselov. Propagation of Detonations Through Composition and Reaction Stratification. In AIAA SCITECH 2026 Forum. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2026. doi:10.2514/6.2026-1235.
  74. PeleLMeX: Thermodiffusive instabilities in H2/CH4 flames.
    E.F. Hunt, A. Moitro, and A.J. Aspden. Thermodiffusively-unstable lean premixed hydrogen–methane blends: Phenomenology and empirical modelling. Combustion and Flame, 286:114845, April 2026. doi:10.1016/j.combustflame.2026.114845.
  75. PeleC: Cavity-stabilized supersonic combustor.
    K. Jin, X. Cai, R. Hong, L. Zhang, and J. Liang. Numerical study on flow choking mechanism in a cavity-based supersonic combustor with low inflow Mach number. Physics of Fluids, 38(3):036118, March 2026. doi:10.1063/5.0316752.
  76. PeleC: High speed turbulent fluid structure interaction.
    E. S. Kimmel, D. Huang, V. Sharma, J. Singh, V. Raman, and P. P. Friedmann. Reduced-Order Modeling of Turbulent Flows for High-Speed Aerothermoelastic Analysis. AIAA Journal, 64(4):2230–2252, April 2026. doi:10.2514/1.J065721.
  77. PeleLMeX: Instabilties in H2 flames.
    M. Pandey, K. Agrawal, and A. Ray. Numerical studies on cellular and pulsating instabilities in hydrogen flames. Combustion and Flame, 285:114763, March 2026. doi:10.1016/j.combustflame.2025.114763.
  78. PeleC: Detonation cellular structures.
    S. Ramachandran, R. Johnson, and S. Yang. Effects of Initial Conditions and Chemical Kinetics on Cellular Multiplicity of Regular Channel Hydrogen Detonations. In AIAA SCITECH 2026 Forum. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, January 2026. doi:10.2514/6.2026-2026.
  79. PeleLMeX: Alumnium droplet combustion.
    M. Rieth, J. S. Salinas, M. Arienti, T. Voskuilen, A. A. Egeln, and M. C. Welliver. Finite-Rate Chemistry Simulations of Aluminum Droplet Ignition. In AIAA SCITECH 2026 Forum, AIAA SciTech Forum. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, January 2026. doi:10.2514/6.2026-0391.
  80. PeleC: Imploding detonations.
    L. Shi, E. Fan, and C.-Y. Wen. Two-dimensional numerical simulation of imploding detonations. Shock Waves, 36(1):2, March 2026. doi:10.1007/s00193-026-01261-9.
  81. PeleLMeX: Turbulence backscatter in swirl stabilized flames.
    B. S. Soriano and J. H. Chen. DNS of turbulence backscatter in a laboratory-scale swirl stabilized aero-combustor. Applications in Energy and Combustion Science, 25:100468, March 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jaecs.2026.100468.
  82. PeleLMeX: Linear stability of H2 flames.
    S. Xie, C. Mounaïm-Rousselle, and H. Zhang. Linear stability analysis of laminar premixed planar H2/N2O/N2 flames. Combustion and Flame, 286:114846, April 2026. doi:10.1016/j.combustflame.2026.114846.
  83. PeleC, PeleLMeX: Combustion models for Oxycombustion.
    S. Yellapantula, B. Perry, M. Rahimi, D. Yi, K. Peterson, and M. J. Martin. A Reduced Order Model Approach Based on Progress Variables for Simulation of Oxycombustion in the Allam-Fetvedt Cycle. In AIAA SCITECH 2026 Forum, AIAA SciTech Forum. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, January 2026. doi:10.2514/6.2026-1381.
  84. PeleC: Detonation of H2 mixtures.
    Z. Zhang, H. Yan, and H. Zhang. Direct detonation initiation by an elliptical hotspot in hydrogen/oxygen/argon mixtures. Applications in Energy and Combustion Science, 26:100483, June 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jaecs.2026.100483.
  85. PeleLMeX: Soot in microgravity flames.
    J. Zhang, H. Du, S. Hu, W. Ji, and L. Zhou. Radiation-Induced Structural Modifications and Soot Evolution in Microgravity Laminar Flames at Elevated Pressure. Microgravity Science and Technology, 38(1):8, January 2026. doi:10.1007/s12217-025-10233-0.
  86. PeleLMeX: NO in H2/NH3 premixed flames.
    J. Zheng, H. Wang, K. Luo, and J. Fan. The characteristics of stability and NO formation in lean hydrogen-enriched ammonia premixed flames with varying body force. Fuel, 410:138006, April 2026. doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2025.138006.
  87. PeleC: Supercritical CO2 counterflow flames.
    J. Zheng, H. Wang, R. Mével, K. Luo, and J. Fan. Direct numerical simulation of turbulent counterflow diffusion CH4/O2 flames in a supercritical CO2 environment. The Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 233:106945, July 2026. doi:10.1016/j.supflu.2026.106945.
  88. PeleLMeX: Body force effects on premixed H2 flames.
    J. Zheng, H. Wang, E. R. Hawkes, K. Luo, and J. Fan. The effects of body force on the flame and turbulence characteristics in premixed hydrogen/air flames at various Karlovitz numbers. Combustion and Flame, 285:114717, March 2026. doi:10.1016/j.combustflame.2025.114717.